There are entire areas of study on what is called our “cognitive bias.” The limits and inaccuracies of our powers of observation and deduction are so many, they are hard to keep track of. This diagram and this list are a helpful start.
But we don’t need to wait for science to tell us this. Scripture has pointed this out millennia ago. Sometimes, our perception of justice is as simple as who’s side of a story that we hear first: “The one who states his case first seems right, until the other comes and examines him” (Proverbs 18:17).
Sometimes, we may call “good” something that is actually evil (Isaiah 50:20).
Our will even plays a role. There are times when we know what is right but choose against it on purpose (Romans 1).